Impunity Watch: Oceania

New Zealand MP Calls on Indonesia to Account for Human Rights Abuses in West Papua

By Hayley J. Campbell
Impunity Watch Reporter, Oceania

JAYAPURA, West Papua -- A New Zealand MP along with Human Rights Groups are calling on Pacific countries to confront Indonesia on human rights abuses in West Papua.

Last week, the Forum leaders summit met in Niue to address key issues among the Pacific island countries. Absent from those issues, was the continuing unrest and protests taking place in West Papua. Keith Locke, an MP for Zealand’s Green party, criticized the Forum leaders for postponing the discussion over West Papua’s future. In addition, Mr. Locke is encouraging New Zealand and other Pacific Island countries to push Indonesia into a dialogue about their intentions regarding West Papua.

Since last year’s Forum meeting, several reports of human rights abuses have surfaced. Specifically, West Papuans have reported abusive treatment by Indonesian military. Indonesian law has made it illegal for West Papuans to raise nationalistic flags such as the Morning Star.

“The intimidation by the security forces of the West Papuan people is all pervasive and creates a climate of fear in the people of West Papua. The overwhelming military presence ensures that the security  forces can act with total impunity,” Joe Collins, of the Australia West Papua Association (AWPA), told the Fiji Daily Post.

In April 2008, several students were imprisoned for waving flags suggesting Papua’s right to self-determination and independence from Indonesia. Once a Dutch colony on New Guinea’s western end, Papua became Indonesia’s largest province in 1969. Violence erupted in 2003 after President Megawati Sukarnoputri separated Papua into three provinces: Central Irian Jaya (Irian Jaya Tengah), Papua (or East Irian Jaya, Irian Jaya Timur), and West Irian Jaya (Irian Jaya Barat). Indonesian courts declared that the creation of the central province was unconstitutional and in opposition to Papua’s Special Autonomy status.

Collins says independent Pacific countries must stand up for the rights of other Pacific peoples struggling for independence and self-determination.

For more information, please see:
Radio New Zealand International -- New Zealand MP critical of Pacific Forum countries for ignoring plight of Papuans - 24 August 2008

Fiji Daily Post -- Forum urged to consider West Papuan rights -- 22 August 2008

ABC, Radio Australia -- Forum leaders arrive in Niue for summit -- 20 August 2008

The Pacific Islands Forum -- Press Statement: Sis Leaders Conclude 17th Summit in Niue -- 19 August 2008

Fiji's No Show at Niue Creates Stir at Pacific Forum

By Ryan L. Maness
Impunity Watch Senior Desk Officer, Oceania

ALOFI, Niue -- Last week Fiji's interim government decided to boycott a meeting of the Pacific Island Forum in Niue and the move has caused rumbles throughout the region.  In the wake of their no-show other members of the Forum have threatened to take action against Fiji. 

The leaders at the Pacific Forum, who have paid particular attention to Fiji's movement towards restoring democratic elections after its December coup in 2006, have called Fiji's lack of attendance unacceptable. New Zealand's Prime Minister, Helen Clark, described Fiji's non-attendance in light of their recent announcement that democratic elections would not be held on the original 2009 timetable.  "They have also signalled that they are not going to just let the issue drop, they did accept undertakings in good faith, that there is no technical, administrative, managerial reasons why elections cannot be held by March next year. Only political will is lacking."

One proposed sanction for Fiji is for the country to be suspended from the Forum.  However, this solution is far from certain because any the suspension of Fiji could cause a cessation of aid money from the European Union and the United Nations. 

Despite the statements of Pacific leaders, Fiji's interim government has maintained that it did not transgress by not attending the meeting in Niue.  Fiji’s Interim Foreign Affairs Minister, Ratu Epeli Nailatikau, said that claims that Fiji did not attend because of its election timetable are "misleading" and that the real reason was because of the political agenda of New Zealand and Australia.  Frank Bainimarama also called on the 16 member nations of the Pacific Island Forum to not allow the Forum to become a tool of New Zealand and Australian foreign policy. 

For more information, please see:
Fiji Times -- Interim PM makes fresh unity call -- 25 August 2008

Radio Australia -- Fiji warns Forum to watch out for Australia, New Zealand -- 23 August 2008

Radio New Zealand International -- Fiji interim government blames New Zealand for its "no-show" at Forum summit -- 21 August 2008

Radio New Zealand International -- NZ prime minister says suspension would damage Fiji economy -- 21 August 2008

Radio New Zealand International -- Forum considers suspending Fiji if it reneges on election commitments -- 21 August 2008

Radio New Zealand International -- Fiji won't lose much if suspended from Forum, says Chaudhry -- 21 August 2008

French Polynesian Budget Debate Delayed After Continuing Internal Disputes Threaten Majority; Samoan Police Officer Accused of Sexual Harassment; Solomon Islands’ PM is Served With Arrest Warrant for Drunk Driving

By Hayley J. Campbell
Impunity Watch Reporter, Oceania

PAPEETE, Tahiti -- French Polynesia’s ruling party, To Tatou Aia, has been unable to address the budget debate due to a continuing struggle to maintain its majority.

The budget meeting set for this morning was delayed after disputes arose among the To Tatou Aia’s members. Hiro Tefaarere was one such member who withdrew his vote for the ruling party and threatened to form his own party.

The wife of Aia Api leader, Emile Vernaudon, also withdrew her vote from To Tatou Aia when the government refused her husband a land deal. Mrs. Heifara Izal later gave her support creating a one-vote majority in the To Tatou Aia assembly.

Internal dissents have plagued the ruling party ever since French Polynesian elections took place four months ago. Members of the opposition have made numerous threats of employing a no confidence motion.

Radio New Zealand International reports that President Tong Song will, “do what he can, and if he cannot fulfill his mandate it won’t be his fault.”

For more information, please see:
Radio New Zealand International -- Political instability in Tahiti delays budget debate -- 13 August 2008

--------------------------------------

APIA, Samoa -- The Police Commissioner has launched an investigation and suspended a Samoan police constable after allegations surfaced accusing the officer of sexually offending a 19-year-old woman.

An organization known as the Samoa Victim Support group first reported the allegations two weeks ago. The woman reported the offense, and an investigation soon followed. The young woman is currently under the care of the support group.

Papalii Li’o, assistant police commissioner and spokesman, has said that the Ministry of Police will not tolerate such behavior especially among its police force.

For more information, please see:
Radio New Zealand International -- Samoan police constable suspended for alleged harassment -- 13 August 2008

--------------------------------------

HONIARA, Solomon Islands -- The Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands is facing charges of driving under the influence of alcohol.  An arrest warrant was issued after Prime Minister Dr. Derek Sikua failed to appear at court.

The drunk driving incident occurred while Dr. Sikua was the permanent secretary of the Ministry of Education in 2006. The prosecution already completed its case in March, but the court is still waiting on the defense case. Private attorney, Charles Ashley, is representing Dr. Sikua.

Acting director of Police Prosecution, George Ofu, has said that Dr. Sikua’s hectic schedule is the reason for the defense case’s delay.

But Mr. Ofu has also warned that if Dr. Sikua fails to appear for his October 21st court date, the police will have to enforce the law. 

For more information, please see:
Solomon Star -- Prime Minister Faces Arrest Warrant In Drunk Driving Case -- 13 August 2008

Ousted Fiji Leader says that Proposed Charter Will 'Divide Fiji'; NGOs Concerned Over Proposed Greater Role of Military in Fij ; Draft of Fiji Charter Released

By Ryan L. Maness
Impunity Watch Senior Desk Officer, Oceania

SUVA, Fiji -- Ousted Fijian Prime Minister Lasenia Qarase, long an outspoken critic of Fiji's interim government, has come out this week in opposition to the draft of the proposed People's Charter.  According to Qarase the draft, as written, will do more to divide the people of Fiji than it will do to unite them. 

He has particular concern about the role of Fiji's Constitution under the new proposed system.  He has said that charter is talking out of both sides its mouth with regard to the Constitution.  "While on one hand they say the supreme law of the land will be the constitution, they are saying that the electoral reforms will have to be in place before the election, and to do that you would need to change the constitution, so they are simply suggesting that the charter will be stronger."

Qarase has also expressed concern that the Charter to expand Fijian racial divides.  "For the indigenous population it would violate their rights to property (land reforms), as well as their rights to a separate Fijian administration," he said.

For more information, please see:
Radio New Zealand International -- Ousted Fiji PM says new charter fuels divisions -- 07 August 2008

Fiji Broadcasting Corporation Limited -- Political Parties reject Charter -- 09 August 2008

Fiji Daily Post -- PEOPLE'S CHARTER WILL 'DIVIDE FIJI' -- 08 August 2008

---------------------------
SUVA, Fiji -- Among the items included in the draft of the proposed People's Charter is that Fiji's military play a greater role in the governance of Fiji.  NGOs have come out to say that the role of the military should not be expanded in Fiji. 

Angie Heffernan, executive director of the Pacific Center for Public Integrity,  said that there is no need to expand the military's role, because its role is already fully explained by the Constitution.  If anything, Heffernan said, the military should be downsized.  "Fiji has a military strength that is ridiculous for the size of Its population, and as long as we feed the monster that we have chosen not to take to task, Fiji will continue to be vulnerable to coups perpetuated with the help of the military," she said.

The Pacific Concerns Resource Centre has also condemned the suggestion, saying that the military's involvement in the last three coups demonstrate that the military should not be brought any closer to governance.  "We don’t agree with the recommendation that it should even be involved any further than what we are currently experiencing," Ema Tagicakibau, campaign director for the PCRC, said.  "If what we are going through is any indication of what future military involvement will be like then I think every law abiding citizen of this country must strongly condemn that call."

For more information, please see:
Fiji Times -- Reject military's expanded goal: NGO -- 07 August 2008

Radio New Zealand International -- PCRC opposes Fiji charter's role for military -- 06 August 2008

---------------------------
SUVA, Fiji -- The National Council for Building a Better Fiji has released a draft of its much anticipated People's Charter on Wednesday.  The draft was released and will be distributed to the public for discussion and consultation.  It is hoped that the draft will be ready to be presented to the President of Fiji by October. 

According to council member, Josefa Serulagilagi, the aim of the Charter is to guarantee good governance and provide for social and economic development.  "What we would like to do is to really take out what is always called the coup culture in this country, and if we can, develop a kind of system whereby we move forward, and have solutions, so that we make sure that we don’t have that kind of attitudes in the minds of the people," Serulagilagi said.

Among the proposed changes in the Charter is to change to convert the Fiji electoral system to proportionate representation, to adopt "12 principles" to end the coup culture and to reduce poverty to negligible levels by 2015.

For more information, please see:
Fiji Daily Post News -- The People's Charter and the Way Forward - Summary -- 07 August 2008

Radio New Zealand International -- Fiji says it may need help to fund Charter consultation -- 06 August 2008

Radio New Zealand International -- Fiji council releases draft charter aimed at ending coup culture -- 06 August 2008

Aboriginal Land Returned; Pacific Women Offering Sex for Food; Poverty the Reason for Child Sex Trafficking in Indonesia

By Christopher Gehrke
Impunity Watch Senior Desk Officer, South America

CANBERRA, Australia – Over thirty years of state government opposition to indigenous control of land was reversed today when the Australian government returned its largest remaining tract of rainforest to Cape York Aborigines.

Cape York, 695 square miles, has a human population of just 15,000.  According to Reuters, Aborigines have inhabited for 45,000 years.  They have higher rates of unemployment, substance abuse and domestic violence than other Australians.  Kevin Rudd, the Prime Minister, apologized to Aborigines in February for 200 years of injustices stemming from Britain’s colonization.

Aborigines have been making steady gains in reaching land agreements allowing them to use traditional lands for their own benefit.  Experts believe that the Cape York land handed over will yield ecotourism opportunities.

For more information, please see:

Reuters – Australian Aborigines get pristine forest back – 5 August 2008

ABC News – Qld Govt hands back national park to owners – 6 August 2008

------

MEXICO CITY, Mexico – Delegates at a major AIDS conference in Mexico city cited cases of fisherwomen in the Pacific offering sex for food.  This is seen as another consequence of rising food prices, and is raising the rise of HIV infection, U.N. officials said Monday.

According to the U.N. overfishing of tuna in the Pacific has forced Papua New Guinea fisherwomen to join the crews of larger boats, where they engage in “fish for sex” deals.

For more information, please see:

ABC News – AIDS Threat:  Trading Sex for Food – 4 August 2008

Radio New Zealand – UN says HIV spreads by Pacific women selling sex for food – 5 August 2008

------

JAKARTA, Indonesia – Human sex trafficking thrives in Indonesia due to extreme poverty, reports the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.

“The root of the problem is poverty, but in some areas…prostitution is accepted.  It’s the culture,” explains the International Labor Organization’s Arum Ratnawati, describing people so poor they sell or send their children into commercial sex work to earn income for their families.

Over 4 million schoolchildren are unable to go to school in Indonesia, and 70,000 were trafficked for prostitution.  Most girls are tricked into prostitution by family members, relatives, or other people they trust who promise them jobs.  They are often forced to pay off the debt the trafficker paid their parents in brothels, between $55-$110.

For more information, please see:

IRIN – INDONESIA:  Poverty at root of commercial sex work – 24 July 2008

The New Nation – Don’t make women trade-item for tourism – 18 July 2008

Draft of Fiji People's Charter Close to Release; New Criticisms and Questions Surface for Fiji Police Practices; Fiji Electorla Committee Confirms Elections Delay

By Ryan L. Maness
Impunity Watch Senior Desk Officer, Oceania

SUVA, Fiji -- The National Council for Building a Better Fiji has nearly completed its first draft of its National Charter and it will be disseminating it to the public next week.  Discussions are ongoing about the best way to distribute the document to the populace, the document will first have to be endorsed by the entire council (a process which should happen this week). 

Once the draft has been released to the public, a consultation phase will begin that will last until September, said Council member Filimoni Kau.  He added that any objections from the public will be taken into consideration.

While objections will be noted, council members were sure to point out that objections would not derail the process.  "However, the charter will still have to go ahead despite any objections," said Kau.  "It is clear that we want to move forward and whatever people say will not hurt us a bit."  Another member of the draft team, Adi Finau Tabakaucoro, also told Fijilive that the Charter process would proceed despite objections

The first draft of the document is scheduled for presentation to President Ratu Josefa Iloilo on 10 October, after consultations with the three provincial divisions are finished. 

For more information, please see:
Fiji Times -- Draft Charter to be ready in October -- 01 August 2008

Fijilive -- People's Charter draft ready for public -- 31 July 2008

Radio New Zealand International -- Fiji's council for Building a Better Fiji close to release of draft charter -- 31 July 2008
-----------------------------------
SUVA, Fiji -- Human rights organizations have called for a reevaluation of police protocol this week, after an escaped prisoner was sent to the emergency room in critical condition after his recapture by Fiji Police.  Jo Baleiloa was admitted to Suva's War Memorial Hospital Thursday with several cuts on his head and with all of his fingers and both his legs broken; he was taken to surgery the same day, but he remains on life support. 

The Non-Governmental Organisations Coalition on Human Rights has decried the incident and has called for a detailed investigation.  “Authorities must urgently address this violence in the police force so that the Fiji public, particularly women who often face violence in their own homes, feel that police stations are safe place," Chair Virisila Buadromo said.  "These rights are protected by international law, and by our own Constitution. While we appreciate the role of police officers in our community, we absolutely abhor this alleged violent assault against Baleiloa."

Also raising her voice against police protocol is Anisa Naukila the mother of Tevita Malasebe, a rugby player who died as a result of a beating received while in police custody.  Naukila said that, "What they did to my son again happened to the boy. It’s the same injury that my son had. From head to toe. I’ve only seen it on TV but I want to go down to the hospital to see the boy. They haven’t learned. I just don’t know what’s wrong, what’s going on."

A police spokesman said that the police will be conducting an investigation and is taking the matter very seriously.  "The commissioner has not said to have an inquiry as yet. He has had a talk with our minister, the minister of defence, obviously there’s going to be an internal inquiry into the issue surrounding the arrest of Mr Baleiloa from police to our officers, but at the moment it hasn’t begun."

For more information, please see:
Solomon Star -- Further condemnation of Fiji Police Methods -- 01 August 2008

Fiji Times -- Pressure on authorities to probe Baleilo bashing -- 01 August 2008

Radio New Zealand International -- Fiji NGO calls for end to police brutality -- 31 July 2008

Radio New Zealand International -- Fiji police to probe arrest of escaped prisoner -- 31 July 2008

Radio New Zealand International -- Further condemnation of Fiji police methods -- 31 July 2008

Fiji Daily Post -- Address violence, says human rights body -- 31 July 2008

Fiji Times -- Stop brutality: NGO -- 30 July 2008

Fiji Times -- Baleiloa still in critical state -- 30 July 2008

-----------------------------------
SUVA, Fiji -- This week the Fiji Electoral Committee confirmed that Fiji will not hold democratic elections next march, as had been originally envisioned.  The Committee chairman Mohammed Kamal Ud Dean Sahu Khan told Radio Fiji that changes needed to be made to the electoral system before any election could be held and that such changes would take between 12 and 15 months.  While it is not known what changes will have to be made, the Committee suggested that new electoral boundaries might be needed.  "The Commission was putting great effort to ensure that elections are free, fair and transparent," Mr Khan said. "So basically the electoral commission is not concerned with the reforms that the government is putting in place but we are an independent commission and we would like to continue with our work so that the people know that the election commission is not sitting idle."

Fiji's interim Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama made similar comments about the necessity of delaying elections in earlier in July.

For more information, please see:
Fiji Times -- Poll will take time: Khan -- 25 July 2008

Radio New Zealand International -- Fiji Electoral Commission confirms poll delays -- 25 July 2008